INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF CHILDHOOD ILLNESS

SERVICE DESCRIPTION.

Promotive, preventative (monitoring and promoting growth, immunisations, home care counselling, de-worming and promoting breast feeding), curative (assessing, classifying and treating) and rehabilitative services are given in accordance with provincial IMCI protocols at all times that the clinic is open.

NORMS
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  1. Reduce the infant and under-5 mortality rate by 30% and reduce disparities in mortality between population groups. (National Year 2000 Goals, Objectives and Indicators.)

  2. Reduce mortality due to diarrhoea, measles and acute respiratory infections in children by 50%, 70% and 30% respectively. (National Year 2000 Goals, Objectives and Indicators.)

  3. Increase full immunisation coverage among children of one year of age against diphtheria, pertussis, Hib, tetanus, measles, poliomyelitis, hepatitis and tuberculosis to at least 80% in all districts and 90% nationally. (National Year 2000 Goals, Objectives and Indicators.)

  4. Eradicate poliomyelitis by 2002. (National Year 2000 Goals, Objectives and Indicators.)

  5. Increase regular growth monitoring to reach 75% of children <2 years. (National Year 2000 Goals, Objectives and Indicators.)

  6. Increase the proportion of mothers who breast-feed their babies exclusively for 4-6 months, and who breast-feed their babies at 12 months. (National Year 2000 Goals, Objectives and Indicators.)

  7. Reduce the prevalence of under weight-for-age among children <5 years to 10%. (National Year 2000 Goals, Objectives and Indicators.)

  8. Reduce the prevalence of stunting among children <5 years to 20%. (National Year 2000 Goals, Objectives and Indicators.)

  9. Reduce the prevalence of severe malnutrition among children <5 years to 1%. (National Year 2000 Goals, Objectives and Indicators.)

  10. Eliminate micro nutrient deficiency disorders. (National Year 2000 Goals, Objectives and Indicators.)

  11. All children treated at the clinic are treated according to IMCI Guidelines.

  12. Every clinic has at least two staff members, who have had the locally adapted IMCI training, based on the WHO/UNICEF Guidelines.

  13. Every clinic has a rehydration corner.

  14. A supervisor, who also evaluates the degree of community involvement in planning and implementing care, undertakes a six monthly assessment of quality of care.

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STANDARDS
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  1. Referrences, Prints and Educational Materials

1.1 National and Provincial wall charts and booklets.
1.2 A copy of the IMCI Standard Treatment Guidelines, relevant to the Province.
1.3 Child Health Charts to supply to new-borns and children without charts.
1.4 Copies of the National Essential Drugs List and Standard Treatment Guidelines.
1.5 Tick charts stuck to the desk as a reminder.

  1. Equipment

2.1 An oral rehydration corner set up for immediate rehydration.
2.2 Emergency equipment available for intravenous resuscitation of severely dehydrated children.

  1. Medicines and Supplies

3.1 The clinic has litre measures and teaspoon measures, cups for feeding, sugar and salt (for the child that is not dehydrated) and rehydration powder (for the dehydrated child).

  1. Competence of Health Staff

4.1 Every clinic has nurse practitioners able to treat clients in accordance with the IMCI guidelines.
4.2 IMCI trainer makes regular mentoring/supervision visits, initially 6 weeks after training, thereafter every 3 months.
4.3 Each clinic has an annual review of quality of care by IMCI Supervisor.
4.4 At least one member of staff takes overall responsibility for the assessment and management of the child.
4.5 Staff are able to establish trust and credibility through respect, courtesy, responsiveness, confidentiality and empathy, approaching consultations in a patient-centred way.
4.6 Staff are able to organise and implement an effective triage system for clients attending the clinic based on the IMCI protocol.

  1. Referrals

5.1 Children with danger signs and/or severe disease are referred as described in the IMCI provincial protocol.

  1. Patient Education

6.1 The mother or caregiver is counselled in accordance with the IMCI counselling guidelines.
6.2 Key family/household practices to improve child health are promoted as described in the IMCI community component.

  1. Records

7.1 An adequate patient record system is in place, using the child-health chart as the basic tool.
7.2 Patient details are recorded using the SOAP format.

  1. Community and Home Based Activity.

8.1 This takes place in line with the IMCI Guidelines for the Community Component.
8.2 The clinic works in close co-operation with community-based health programmes like community health worker schemes or care-groups.

  1. Collaboration

9.1 Clinic staff collaborate with social workers, NGOs, CBOs, creches and other sectors to improve child health.

MANAGEMENT AND PREVENTION OF GENETIC DISORDERS AND BIRTH DEFECTS

SERVICE DESCRIPTION

Genetic services are forming part of the integrated maternal, child and women’s health care. It aims to assist individuals with a genetic disadvantage to live and reproduce as normally and responsibly as possible .The components include clinical diagnostic services, counseling, laboratory support, prevention strategies and public awareness campaigns in collaboration with NGOs, CBOs and other government sectors.

NORMS
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  1. At least one clinic staff member trained to recognize, counsel, treat manage and refer most common conditions.

  2. Clinic staff receive regular genetic training and update from the regional genetic cordinator.

  3. Clinic staff receive support from visiting specialist, clinical geneticist and other academic experts.

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STANDARDS
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  1. References, prints and educational materials

1. The clinic has the latest copy of the Human Genetics Guidelines for Management and Prevention of Genetic Disorders, Birth Defects and Disabilities.

  1. Equipment

2.1 .

  1. Medicines and Supplies

3.1 List of drugs in accordance with the Essential Drugs List

  1. Competence of Health Staff

4.1 At least one clinic staff is able to recognize, counsel, treat, manage and refer most common genetic conditions

  1. Referral

5.1 Referrals for further support as per guidelines

  1. Patient Education

6.1 Provide posters, pamphlets and other educational materials on genetics for patients.
6.2 All patients and caretakers receive health education on genetic disorders, birth defects and disabilities.
6.3 Encourage women to procreate at the ideal reproductive age (25-35 years) to reduce the risk of chromosomal abnormalities.
6.4 Educate women to avoid exposure to teratogens during pregnancy e.g. alcohol, recreational drugs and certain chemical and infecting agents.

  1. Records

7.1 Notification forms to notify genetic disorders and birth defects in the immediate post-natal period and later in life.

  1. Community Based Services

8.1 Clinic staff to work with South African Inherited Disorders Association and other NGOs and CBOs to support affected individuals and families at community level.

  1. Collaboration

9.1 Clinic staff collaborate with social workers, physiotherapists, speech therapists and other support staff to provide comprehensive care.
9.2 Clinic staff to work with South African Inherited Disorders Association, school teachers, and other NGOs and CBOs to provide information and raise awareness on genetic disorders, birth defects and disabilities.

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